تم الاندماج مع الموقع الرسمي لمشروع المكتبة الشاملة وقد يتم الاستغناء عن هذا النطاق قريبا
<<  <   >  >>
مسار الصفحة الحالية:

ـ[بَحْرُ الرَّمَل]ــــــــ[02 - 11 - 2010, 02:21 م]ـ

SUDAN

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/su-lgflag.gif (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/flags/flagtemplate_su.html)

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/maps/newmaps/su-map.gif (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/maptemplate_su.html)

Background

From the end of the 4th millennium BC, Nubia (now

the northern Sudan) periodically came under Egyptian

rule, and it was part of the kingdom of Cush

from the 11th century BC to the 4th century AD. Christian

missionaries converted the Sudan’s three principal

kingdoms during the 6th century AD; these

black Christian kingdoms coexisted with their Muslim

Arab neighbors in Egypt for centuries, until the

influx of Arab immigrants brought about their collapse

in the 13th–15th centuries. Egypt had conquered

all of the Sudan by 1874 and encouraged

British interference in the region; this aroused Muslim

opposition and led to the revolt of al-Mahdi, who

captured Khartoum in 1885 and established a Muslim

theocracy in the Sudan that lasted until 1898,

when Mahdist forces were defeated by the British.

The British ruled the country, generally in partnership

with Egypt, until The Sudan achieved independence

in 1956. Since then the country has fluctuated

between ineffective parliamentary government

and unstable military rule. The non-Muslim population

of the south began rebellion against the Muslim-

controlled government of the north in the early

1980s, leading to famines and the displacement of

millions of people. Meanwhile, fighting broke out in

2003 between non-Arab Muslims in the Darfur region

of western Sudan and government-backed Arab

militias known as Janjaweed; tens of thousands of

people were killed and hundreds of thousands more

were displaced.

Location:

Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea

Area:

total: 2,505,813 sq km

Climate:

tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)

Natural resources:

petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower

Population:

41,087,825 (July 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Ethnic groups:

black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%

Religions:

Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum), indigenous beliefs 25%

Languages:

Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages

Capital:

name: Khartoum

Administrative divisions:

25 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat (Lakes), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), Al Wahda (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Central Equatoria), Gharb al Istiwa'iyya (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal (Western Bahr el Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqoley (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala), Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Shimal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr el Ghazal), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sharq al Istiwa'iyya (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 1 January (1956

¥

<<  <   >  >>
تعرف على الموسوعة الشاملة للتفسير