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مسار الصفحة الحالية:

an Iraqi Governing Council, and a new interim constitution

was agreed upon in late February 2004. Almost

immediately after the occupation began, however,

various forms of Iraqi opposition arose, and

resistance attacks grew in frequency and violence in

the years that followed.

Location:

Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait

Area:

total: 438,317 sq km

Climate:

mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq

Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur

Population:

28,945,569 (July 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 40

Ethnic groups:

Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian, or other 5%

Religions:

Muslim 97%, Christian or other 3%

Languages:

Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Turkoman (a Turkish dialect), Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Armenian

Government type:

parliamentary democracy

Capital:

name: Baghdad

Administrative divisions:

18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) and 1 region*; Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Kurdistan Regional Government*, Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit

National holiday:

Republic Day, July 14 (1958); note - the Government of Iraq has yet to declare an official national holiday but still observes Republic Day

ـ[بَحْرُ الرَّمَل]ــــــــ[02 - 11 - 2010, 01:44 م]ـ

JORDAN

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https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/maps/newmaps/jo-map.gif (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/maptemplate_jo.html)

Background

Jordan shares much of its history with Palestine, since

both occupy the area known historically as Palestine.

Much of present-day eastern Jordan was

under Kings David and Solomon c.

1000 BC. It fell to the Seleucids in 330 BC and to Muslim

Arabs in the 7th century AD. The Crusaders extended

the kingdom of Jerusalem east of the Jordan

River in 1099. Jordan submitted to Ottoman Turkish

rule during the 16th century. In 1920 the area comprising

Jordan (then known as the Transjordan) was

established within the British mandate of Palestine.

Transjordan became an independent state in 1927,

although the British mandate did not end until 1948.

After hostilities with the new state of Israel ceased in

1949, Jordan annexed the West Bank of the Jordan

River, administering the territory until Israel gained

control of it in the Six-Day War of 1967. In 1970–71

Location:

Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia

Area:

total: 89,342 sq km

Climate:

mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

Natural resources:

phosphates, potash, shale oil

Population:

6,269,285 (July 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 104

Ethnic groups:

Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%

Religions:

Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shia Muslim and Druze populations) (2001 est.)

Languages:

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