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مسار الصفحة الحالية:

Muslim 59.7% (Shia, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 39% (Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Armenian Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Copt, Protestant), other 1.3%

Languages:

Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

Government type:

republic

Capital:

name: Beirut

Administrative divisions:

6 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah); Beqaa, Beyrouth (Beirut), Liban-Nord, Liban-Sud, Mont-Liban, Nabatiye

National holiday:

Independence Day, 22 November (1943)

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LIBYA

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Background

Greeks and Phoenicians settled the area in the 7th

century BC. It was conquered by Rome in the 1st century

BC and by Arabs in the 7th century AD. In the 16th

century the Ottoman Turks combined Libya’s three regions

under one regency in Tripoli. In 1911 Italy

claimed control of Libya, and by the outbreak of World

War II, 150,000 Italians lived there. It became an independent

state in 1951. The discovery of oil in

1959 brought wealth to Libya. A decade later a group

of army officers led by Muammar al-Qaddafi deposed

the king and made the country an Islamic republic.

Under Qaddafi’s rule

Location:

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia

Area:

total: 1,759,540 sq km

Climate:

Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

Population:

6,324,357

country comparison to the world: 103

Ethnic groups:

Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)

Religions:

Sunni Muslim 97%, other 3%

Languages:

Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities

Government type:

Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils

Capital:

name: Tripoli (Tarabulus)

Administrative divisions:

25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions

National holiday:

Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)

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MAURITANIA

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Background

Inhabited in ancient times by Sanhadja Berbers, in

the 11th and 12th centuries Mauritania was the center

of the Berber Almoravid movement, which imposed

Islam. Arab tribes arrived in the 15th century

and formed powerful confederations; the Portuguese

also arrived then. France gained control of the coast

in 1817 and in 1903 made the territory a protectorate.

In 1904 it was added to French West Africa,

and later it became a colony. In 1960 Mauritania

achieved independence. Its first president was

ousted in a 1978 military coup. After a series of military

rulers, in 1991 a new constitution was adopted,

and multiparty elections were held in 1992. The

country faced continued economic hardship and political

unrest, including coups, in the late 20th and

early 21st centuries.

Location:

Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara

Area:

total: 1,030,700 sq km

Climate:

desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty

Population:

3,129,486 (July 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 135

Ethnic groups:

mixed Moor/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%

Religions:

Muslim 100%

Languages:

Arabic (official and national), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French, Hassaniya

Government type:

Republic

Capital:

name: Nouakchott

Administrative divisions:

12 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 capital district*; Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh Ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott*, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza

National holiday:

Independence Day, 28 November (1960)

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